The newborn kitten weighs just ounces and easily fits into the palm of your hand. Its umbilical cord will fall off within two or three days, but its eyes and ear canals will not be open yet.

Kittens are very helpless at this age, but the mother cat instinctively knows their needs. She feeds them, keeps them close by for warmth, and bathes them with her rough tongue, which also stimulates their digestion and helps them urinate and defecate. Mother cats are very protective of their little ones and will move them to another location if humans intrude too much into the nest.

Provided the mother has been vaccinated or has natural immunity, the kittens will receive this same immunity for the first 24 to 48 hours through her colostrum, and it will last until they are old enough to get their kitten shots.

Newborns will weigh an average of 3.5 ounces at birth and may double their weight by the end of the first week. They are simply little food processing factories at this point, and their only activities are nursing, sleeping, and passing waste. There is very little social interaction at this age, other than competing for their favorite nipple, where they will suckle while kneading with their tiny paws.

Your kitten is continuing its growth at an astonishing rate, by at least 10 grams per day. The mother cat should be fed a quality canned kitten food to help replenish the nutrients she loses through nursing. Later on, the kittens will be introduced to the same food.

Its eyes will start to open and will be completely open at nine to 14 days old. All kittens’ eyes are blue and will remain so for several weeks. Their vision will be blurred at first, and their pupils don’t dilate and contract readily, so they should be kept from bright lights.

Ear canals will be completely open, and their sense of hearing is still developing. However, the kittens may startle at loud sounds. Their ears may be fully erect by this age.

Their eye color may start to change, from the blue shared by all kittens to the adult hue.

Kittens’ sense of smell will be well developed.

Kittens can voluntarily eliminate now, as their digestive system is developing. The mother cat will continue to clean ​them until they learn grooming skills.

Don’t be surprised to hear kittens start to purr at this young age.

Kittens will start to stand sometime between the third and fourth weeks ​and will try to walk, although their first movements will be very wobbly. Their bodies are out of proportion to their eventual adult state. Little tails are very short and “stick-like,” and their heads are disproportionately large for their bodies and legs. This will all change, though, as they get their “sea legs” and start moving around.

Don’t be surprised to see kittens escaping from their nesting area as they seek to expand their horizons. They will also interact more with their littermates, even to the point of forming “alliances,” which may or may not be gender-based.

Kittens will be walking around freely at this time and starting to play with their siblings. They will be developing a new sense of independence, although they may not stray far from their mother or their littermates.

This will be a very good time for their beginning to socialize with humans.

Kittens may be introduced to canned food at this time. Select a quality brand of kitten food with a named meat source as the first ingredient (chicken is good). Ideally, they should be given the same kitten food given the mother cat, as the kittens will quickly accommodate and eat mom’s food. Use a shallow plate and expect their first experiences to be messy.

Although the mother cat will try to wean the kittens, they still need the nursing experience to satisfy their suckling needs—at least until they are eight or 10 weeks old, by which time the mother cat will have gradually weaned them.

Socialization skills continue, and there is no doubt that these are lively, active, kittens who will grow up all too soon to be adult cats. They can run, pounce, and leap, and can entertain themselves and their human observers endlessly. Just as quickly they can fall asleep at the drop of a hat (growing up is hard work), so take care not to let them tire.

Kittens will follow their mother cat’s lead in socializing with humans. If she has a comfortable relationship with the humans in her life, so will her kittens. However, if kittens are not accustomed to human handling by six weeks, it may be a long, slow, process to train them later, and such a cat may never be a “lap cat.”

Kittens should learn at this age that hands are not for playing—hands are for holding, petting, and feeding. One of the best “toys” for teaching this lesson is a plastic drinking straw. You can drag it across the floor and watch the kitten chase it, then wiggle it a bit, and allow it to pounce on it and “capture” it. The baby may proudly strut with its prize before settling down to bite on it. The plastic is nice and crunchy and makes a good aid for teething.

Well-socialized and completely weaned kittens may be ready for their new forever homes in just a couple of weeks from now. If you’ve been waiting for kittens to be old enough to adopt, you’ll probably be pretty excited by this time.